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Understanding Oncology Study of Cancer

Updated: Sep 6


Cancer:

The cell is differentiated in our body; its DNA decides the cell's life from birth to death.

‘’Number of cells of any organ remain same after attaining growth’’

Sometimes cells lose their memories causing the DNA change and further growth of cells leads to abnormal growth.

Tumor:

The mass of the cell is called a tumor. It is of two types.

  1. Malignant tumor

  2. Benign tumor


cancer/tumor

Residing place:

Favorite places for cancer cells to reside in lymph nodules and alveoli levels.

  • Near armpits

  • Lymph nodes

According to gender, the most common cancer in Males is prostate cancer& in females is breast cancer

According to diet, colon cancer is common due to low fiber & high-fat diet

The ratio of cancer in males & females:

·        1: 2 in male

·        1: 3 in female

Malignant tumor:

It is cancerous and has the potential to spread to other tissues and organs of the body through blood and lymphatic systems.

Benign tumor:

This tumor does not invade nearby tissues or spread to other body parts.

For example: a pituitary tumor may not spread but may cause loss of vision.




Life expectancy:

Cancer occurs due to a DNA change i.e. mutation.

If the cancer is genetic means transfer in genes then the patient is pre-disposed to cancer and it will be difficult to diagnose because it is at the cellular and molecular levels.

Now, if the patient is pre-disposed & not diagnosed yet then he will be exposed to three risk factors

  • Obesity

  • Smoking

  • Sitting

  • UV radiation exposure

Up to 30 years, the immune system will protect & continue to fight against cancer, but due to risk factors continued throughout the 30 years of life, his life expectancy will reduce.


cancer patient

Food of cancer cells:

Cancer cells only grow on Glucose. Glucose is synthesized in the body when we eat carbohydrates. So, if a patient has cancer then he should avoid eating carbs.

Metastasis:

Spreading of cancer cells from an organ to a non-adjacent organ. Like prostate cancer cells can prevail towards the breast and cause breast cancer.

Stages of cancer:

Only breast cancer has 5 stages from 0-4. All other cancers have 4 stages

  • Stage 1

  • Stage 2

  • Stage 3

  • Stage 4

Grades of tumor:

Through clinical examination under the microscope how tumor looks like.

  • Grade 1 (low) normal cells& cancer cells look alike

  • Grade 2 (intermediate) shows no difference

  • Grade 3 (high) poorly differentiated

  • Grade 4 (anaplastic) breakdown of cells

Difference between grades & stages of cancer :

Stages

Grades

  • Stages tell us how much metastasis has occurred (size & nodes)

  • Grades only tell about the damage that has occurred

  • Stages can be seen macroscopically

  • Grades can be seen microscopically

  • Stages are important because they tell how much the tumor penetrates the particular organ

  • Grades poorly differentiate between the normal cells &the cancer cells

 

Treatment of cancer:

4 types of treatment for cancer are available

1.     Surgery

2.     Radiation

3.     Chemo-therapy

4.     Surgery + chemo-therapy ( 6-8 cycles )depends on immunity

Chemo-therapy is highly specific and has side effects like vomiting for a long time, diarrhea fever.

During treatment, care should be taken by maintaining electrolyte imbalance, percutaneous tube, and parental nutrition.

The best is the chemo-therapy to kill the maximum call of cancer & maintain other cell damage.


cancer diagnosis


Top cancer-causing foods:

1.     Micro-wave pop-corn/food __ radiation changes the genetic password of food

2.     Canned products especially tomatoes__ contains BPA cancerous compound

3.     Processed meat__ excess protein intake double frying DNA change

4.     Farmed fish that is canned__ packed with chemicals

5.     Packaged snacks/chips__ starchy food at high temperatures with preservatives is dangerous

6.     Ready to use white flour__ cookie mix, cake mix, soup mix

7.     High Glycemic index food__ spikes the insulin & changes the hormone leading to the indirect mechanism of

cancer

8.     Genetically Modified foods

9.     Refined carbohydrates & sugar

10.   Artificial sweeteners

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